Pluskvamperfekti
Testaa tietosiPluskvamperfektin funktioita
Pluskvamperfekti viittaa aikaan ennen nykyisyyttä. Sillä tehdään selväksi että yksi tapahtuma tapahtui ennen toista menneisyydessä. Ei ole väliä kumpi tapahtuma mainitaan ensiksi - aikamuoto tekee tämän selväksi.
Näissä esimerkeissä, Tapahtuma A tapahtui ensin ja Tapahtuma B toisena tai viimeisimpänä:
| Tapahtuma A | Tapahtuma B |
| John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
| Taphtuma A | Tapahtuma B |
| I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| Tapahtuma B | Taphtuma A |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| Taphtuma B | Tapahtuma A |
| He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
Pluskvamperfektin muodostaminen
Pluskvamperfekti englannissa muodostetaan kahdesta osasta: verbin mennyt aikamuoto to have (had) + pääverbin partisiipin imperfekti.
| Subjekti | had | partisiipin imperfekti |
|---|---|---|
| Myönteinen | ||
| She | had | given |
| Kielteinen | ||
| She | hadn't | asked. |
| Kysymyslause | ||
| Had | they | arrived? |
| Kielteinen kysymyslause | ||
| Hadn't | you | finished? |
To decide, pluskvamperfekti
| Myönteinen | Kielteinen | Kysymyslause |
|---|---|---|
| I had decided | I hadn't decided | Had I decided? |
| You had decided | You hadn't decided | Had you decided? |
| She had decided | She hadn't decided | Had she decided? |
| We had decided | We hadn't decided | Had we decided? |
| They had decided | They hadn't decided | Had they decided? |
Pluskvamperfekti + just
'Just' käytetään yhdessä pluskvamperfektin kanssa viittaamaan tapahtumaan, joka oli vain hieman ennen nykyistä, esim.
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.